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42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division
The 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army. The division was raised in 1908 as part of the Territorial Force, originally as the East Lancashire Division, and was redesignated as the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division on 25 May 1915.〔Gibbon 1920, page 33〕 It was the first Territorial division to be sent overseas during the First World War. The division fought at Gallipoli, in the Sinai desert and on the Western Front in France and Belgium. In World War II it served as the 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and fought in Belgium and France before being evacuated at Dunkirk. The division was later reformed in Britain in November 1941 as the 42nd Armoured Division which was disbanded in October 1943 without serving overseas. A 2nd Line duplicate formation, the 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division, was created when the Territorials were doubled in both world wars.〔http://www.1914-1918.net/66div.htm〕
The division was disbanded during the war but was reformed in the Territorial Army in 1947 after the Second World War. Beckett 2008 says that TA units that were in suspended animation were formally reactivated on 1 January 1947, although no personnel were assigned until commanding officers and permanent staff had been appointed in March and April 1947.〔Beckett 2008, 169.〕 From December 1955, the division was placed on a lower establishment, for home defence purposes only.〔Beckett 2008, 180.〕 On 1 May 1961 the division was merged with North West District to become 42nd Lancashire Division/North West District.〔Beckett 2008, 183, 185, and regiments.org (archive), (Lancashire District and North West District ), 1905–1995.〕
==First World War==
The division was embodied upon the outbreak of war. The war station was intended to be Ireland, but due to its pacific state, the intended move did not materialise. After a brief period at their drill halls, the various units proceeded to large tented camps at Turton Bottoms (near Bolton), Chesham (near Bury) and Holingworth Lake, Littleborough (near Rochdale). The personnel were asked to volunteer for overseas service, and the overwhelming majority did so, the deficiences made up of men from the National Reserve and other re-enlistments. The 'home service' men formed the cadre of duplicate units, intended to train the rush of volunteers at the drill halls. These would form the divisional reserve, and later become the 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division.
In 1914 the East Lancashire Division was one of fourteen infantry divisions and fifty–three mounted regiments called the Yeomanry which made up the Territorial Force. Lord Kitchener, the Secretary of State for War, described these divisions and regiments of mainly white–collar workers as "a town clerk's army." Their junior officers were trained at the Officer Training Corps set up at the universities and large public schools such as Eton and Harrow and Kitchener sent these forces to the peripheral campaigns; to the Sudan, Mesopotamia, Egypt, to the Caucasus to release Regular British Army soldiers for duty on the Western Front because he thought these amateur soldiers 'might not be able to hold their own with the German Army.'〔David R. Woodward, ''Hell in the Holy Land World War I in the Middle East'' (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2006) pp. 2–3〕
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